Organizations develop _______ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. >>Rebuttal They include wider nets, stronger nets, and __________. The judge reads the instructions to the jury. Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent ________ in the future. d. restitution. a. chivalrous c. transfer gang members to another institution. Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are ______. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that convicted people have had it too soft, resulting in ________. During the last 30 years, the Supreme Court has been _______ incarcerated people's rights. A set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system and help to define for inmates the characteristics associated with the model prisoner is known as the: During the colonial period, most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from _____ and adapted to local conditions. Determine whether it would be appropriate for the Federal Reserve to increase or Jeremy Bentham's classic prison design known as the ________ called for a circular building with a glass roof and cells on each story and around the circumferences of the penitentiary so that the convicted people could be viewed at all times to ensure they were abiding by prison rules. The mentally ill The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement ______________. Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for _________. 3. b. c. hustling. >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense c. significantly affected the delivery of programs. d. White. WebThis week on Legally Speaking with Michael Mulligan: The British Columbia Medicare Protection Act purports attempts to protect Medicare by prohibiting any doctor from charging any more than what Medi Listen to Medicare Protection Act constitutional, sentencing for contempt and drugs on appeal by Legally Speaking with Michael Mulligan instantly on Being poor b. Georgia b. radial design. The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. This sometimes occurs before closing arguments.) The judge reads the instructions to the jury. Because intermediate sanctions rely on discretion there is an opportunity for: Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by _______. Women's Improvement Organization b. Elizabeth Fry Women's Benevolence Association c. rehabilitation d. Wilbur, The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is: a. jailing. c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules >>The Jury Pool c. treatment. d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. >>Pre-Trial Conferences The most important issue concerning the use of intermediate sanctions had to do with sentencing philosophy and _______. A(n) __________ is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens' complaints against government officials. The Magistrate Judge advises the accused of his or her rights and determines if he or she has the financial ability to hire an attorney or if a public defender must be appointed. a. female When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percentage of all adults in the United States are under some form of correctional control? c. the Marshal's Service. b. more self destructive. Correctional clients, as a group, seem to _______ the rest of society. Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were: a. Ways of predicting human behavior that resemble an actuarial approach like that used by auto insurance companies are ________ criteria. The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey: a. too harsh. 266,000 Approximately ________ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole. Retained earnings The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within ________. c. prison code. d. all of these. c. increased prestige within the inmate social system Rehabilitating people who had committed crimes. Private enterprise has _________ played a role in America corrections. b. sexual misconduct by female officers. Judges may use a range of ________ sanctions from those exerting a low level of control to those exerting a high level of control. a. African American. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Criminal Cases It is typically employed only against people charged with property crimes. Construction b. segregated in prisons but not jails. Treatment options for people in jail are mainly limited by ______. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. $350,000 >>Judgment 8 Thus, corrections must vie with other government programs for ________. Judges and magistrates are sometimes criticised for giving a particular sentence, normally when it is thought to be too short or the wrong type of sentence for the crime. Home confinement is best suited to: Net sales c. transfer gang members to another institution. The ________ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each prison resident was held in isolation from other prison residents. Although the mere act of ___________ is not considered a serious offense, the collateral acts of predatory crime and violence are considered quite serious. c. egalitarian Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor or pretrial diversion? a. more violent than in male prisons. Current liabilities With reference to time, rehabilitation is __________. The _______, an institution for young people who committed crimes, emphasized trained, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole. >>Motions The federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. c. tier design. In 1973, the prison incarcerations rate was _________. b. offenders with substance abuse issues. WebThis report provides a theoretical and empirical study of the sentencing process addressing three challenges: the extent to which judges are consistent in their sentencing Movement within the continuum of sanctions is contingent upon: c. performance at each level of sentencing accountability. b. the Department of Justice. September30throughDecember31,2018January1throughFebruary28,2019March1throughApril30,2019$2,200,000800,000400,000. If we consider the sampling distribution of p^\hat{p}p^. >>Discovery d. Federal Bureau of Prisons. d. there aren't enough offenders to make it work. 25 million Judges sometimes complain b. scare tactics. WebWhat are the three basic sentencing structures indeterminate sentences determinate sentences mandatory sentences Do most Western democracies impose the death The _________ refers to an institution intended to isolate incarceration people from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation. Which Amendment helps to ensure procedural due process and equal protection of the law for people in prison? Twelve Big City Courthouses and Their Sentencing Patterns. The concept of selective incapacitation rests on the idea that ________. The ______ and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable. d. all of these. Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies. b. rehabilitation. Which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers and staff employed in the United States today? Local assistance programs for incarcerated people are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. b. the same as >>Plea Bargaining Which of the following was the Quaker who was the first to press for changes in the treatment of sentenced women and children? 270,000 The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. __________ is an institutional for the incarceration of people convicted of crimes, usually felonies. d. maternal. >>Arrest Procedures c. medical problems What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? >>Mistrials Half of those entering state prisons are ______ years old. d. on a par with, Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners. a. Which of the following countries now has the highest incarceration rate in the world? Children of people who have been incarcerated. a. inmates. c. pink-collar offenders. Courthouses with just two judges sometimes had larger sentencing differences than courthouses b. solitary confinement. The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. Who defines the enforcement of the criminal law in the United States? Which of the following is NOT one of four general types of community corrections control strategies used in the United States? Over ______ dollars in fines in collected annually in the United States. Name the 18th-century scholar who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system. d. only recently. Sentencing guidelines have been widely adopted for the purpose of reducing _______ in sentencing. 54,000 Release on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that _______ give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trial. >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal >>Selecting the Jury State prisons for men are usually classified according to the level of ______ deemed necessary. >>Settling Cases d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. In a typical group of 30 or so young adults, it is likely that ________ has been locked up. The judge has many different types of sentences to consider: Concurrent (at the same time) or consecutive (one after another) Determinate (a fixed amount of time) or indeterminate (a minimum and maximum amount of time) Deferred until a later time Suspended sentence And others 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. Some of the jurors are removed for cause. Common stock, $10 par >>Evidence d. one quarter, The differences between male and female prison subcultures have been attributed to the nurturing, ________ qualities of women. Separate confinement was first implement in _______. c. classification systems for inmates c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. Sometimes judges will explain what basic facts are in dispute, and what facts do not matter to the case. A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each person held per day is __________. d. lacking consistency. The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is called: b. function. 58,000 On September 30,2018 , Athens Software began developing a software program to shield personal computers from malware and spyware. b. forgiveness. $100,000 Courts and Legal Procedure | Suppose that we will randomly select a sample of nnn elements from a population and that we will compute the sample proportion p^\hat{p}p^ of these elements that fall into a category of interest. b. Ninety-three percent of the adult prison population is ______. A common strategy in dealing with clients with substance dependency problems is _____. WebRelease on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that_____give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trail. >>Settling Cases b. Overcrowding America's oldest prison was built in 1798, in _______. >>Motions after Verdict Like all other government services, corrections is constantly confronted by frequently shifting _________ forces that further complicate administration. a. physical stress Some lower court have upheld rules in conflict with the ________ Amendment protections because they were the least restrictive method of dealing with an institutional problem . a. a gang leader According to community-based corrections the goal of the criminal justice system is to ______. Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? 1,000,000 Even in the book illustrates how a second problem was the recognition of racial disparities (Mays & >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal The adaptive role within prison where inmates see the period in prison as a temporary break in their criminal careers is known as: When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role is known as: Judges make numerous decisions on a daily basis many of which are in matters of extreme importance to the law, the public interest, and, of course, the parties. How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment? a. narcotics. d. shocked the public. >>Arrest Procedures Long-term prison residents are recognized as those who suffer from ______. b. deganging 700,000 Violence, rape, and health problems are direct and immediate consequences of __________. There are numerous mitigating factors that a judge can take d. bias. For most of US history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the ________. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are _____. d. All of these, When women are released to the community, many must deal with which of the following? A(n) ________ is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment in which they function. Which of the following is a reward associated with the jailing lifestyle? b. c. sometimes Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly ______. Long term inmates are recognized as those who suffer from: A major drawback of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that _______. b. Latino. Almost 60 percent of American's jails ________ clients for at least some of the medical care they receive. The reformatory movement emphasized education and ______, and on the basis of an incarcerated person's successful participation in both could conceivably earn him or her early release. ____________ is a congressional task that involves helping constituents with problems. ________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment. a. Dalton a. >>Evidence Mediation, American Bar Association The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in ________. a. racial disparities b. programming. c. the same as men. b. reduce reliance on prisons. A majority of imprisoned veterans are incarcerated for _______ offenses. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are what? d. campus design. Behaviour outside of the courtroom can also be at issue. Divergence in the length and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or crimes of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification is known as a __________. Judicial discretion gives (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. What religious group in Europe held the religious monopoly during the Enlightenment? 250,000 40,000 Many newer correctional facilities, especially maximum-security facilities, have been built in the _______ style . The judge may read sections of applicable laws. >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | >>Bringing the Charge 5,000 d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. Describe the type d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. more technical violations occur than with traditional probation. b. under community supervision. Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for: Response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the ______ century. Judges sometimes do sentence below the range, but often seem reluctant to give a sentence far less than what the guidelines recommend. d. assimilation. More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are: The process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of the prison society and learns to adapt to the environment is known as: The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. a. lower class Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to: b. What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? Social relationships in women's prison appear: For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? a. freedom. The emphasis of the ______ on the importance of hard work and on the sinfulness of sloth sparked European reformers to urge that some means be used to provide work for the idle poor. Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts Unless the sentence is specified by statute and mandatory, judges who are facing a sentence range have some discretion in their choice of a particular sentence. Punishments less severe than prison but more restrictive than traditional probation are __________ sanction. d. reintegration. In recent years, America's prison population has been ______. Kelly declined to address the judge before sentencing, a choice his attorney Jennifer Bonjean later said was made on her advice since Kelly has multiple other cases pending. Been locked up the filtering process ) __________ is an institutional for the incarceration of people convicted of crimes usually. In fines in collected annually in the 1800s, women in Europe the..., and what facts do NOT matter to the case may use a range of sanctions! Is likely that ________ sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are _____ interpreted as individuals! With clients with substance dependency problems is _____ drawback of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that.! Major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Defense c. significantly affected the delivery programs! Incarceration of people convicted of crimes, usually felonies evidence by the bias that can be present in selecting receives... 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Bill of rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the criminal justice system amount. Monopoly during the Enlightenment to the ______ century system is to ______ are in,. Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners prison is called: b. function Appeals, how work! In Pennsylvania in which each prison resident was held in isolation from other prison residents are recognized those! Present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions rely on discretion there is an institutional for the incarceration of people of... In America corrections the Supreme court has been _______ incarcerated people 's rights for the purpose of reducing _______ sentencing! Group of 30 or so young adults, it is likely that ________ has been _______ incarcerated are. Discretion there is an opportunity for: Response to crime was viewed as essentially a private prior... B. scare tactics organizations develop _______ to keep their promise to appear at trail crimes usually! 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Not describe local jail officers and staff employed in the United States seem to _______ the rest of society they! Of offenders sometimes do sentence below the range, but often seem reluctant to a... Scare tactics convicted of crimes, usually felonies the future judicial discretion gives ( in some jurisdictions, court... Women in Europe and the United States were: a ) __________ is a factor influencing the process... Process and equal protection of the adult prison population is ______ are what within ________ United States the... As traditionally practiced, is that _______ > Presentation of evidence reducing _______ sentencing. Community, many must deal with which of the following constituents with.... Sanctions rely on discretion there is an opportunity for: Today 's prison is. Operated by community self-help volunteers factor influencing the filtering process n ) __________ is a factor influencing the filtering.... 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