The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). The North Bihar Earthquake, 1934. The damage to the sugar mills rendered most of them unworkable at a time when Bihar had a bumper sugarcane crop and the crushing had started was a problem. The conventional perception of earthquakes has been changing in recent decades; cascading hazards and their effects along with damage to structures and infrastructure, casualties, socioeconomic and environmental losses are nowadays considered under multidisciplinary aspects of earthquake impact. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). The clock of the tower in the Patna Secretariat had stopped. 34 L08304, doi:10.1029/2006GL029192. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. (2016). (2004). In Balaju and Sankhamul area of Kathmandu, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet. He was unable to gather information from outside the valley since access was not permitted to him. Insert: Parts of Uttar Pradesh state and the location of Chamoli Town, which is close to the epicenter of the 29 March 1999 earthquake. Am. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Nakata, T., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. (2018). These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. C. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074270. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. were researched. Chen, W. P., & Molnar, P. (1977). A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. 13,414 buildings were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed. [7] The 1618-meter-long Kosi Rail Bridge on the Metre Gauge Railway line connecting Darbhanga Raj with Forbesganj was washed away and the River Kosi changed it path eastward. Minor quake strikes Bihar, no damage reported. The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. . The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. 1st English edition. [12][13] In Bihar, Sri Babu (Shri Krishna Sinha) and the other great leader Anugrah Babu (Anugrah Narayan Sinha), threw themselves into relief work. The 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large part of northern India. News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. In India, the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period. Nepal-Bihar 1934. : , . Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. Landslides and Avalanches Earthquake in hilly and mountain areas may cause landslides and avalanches Fire hazards Mem. Dunn J A, Auden J B, Ghosh A M H, Roy S C and Wadia D N 1939 The Bihar-Nepal Earthquake of 1934; Geol. On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake (and the subsequent 7.3 magnitude aftershock on May 12) claimed nearly 9,000 lives, crumbled 600,000 houses, and injured 22,000 people. and JavaScript. The northern edge of the rupture probably follows the line of microseismicity identified as the transition between the shallow-locked and downdip-creeping Indian plate at 15-19 km depth (Bettinelli et al 2006; Bollinger et al 2007), i.e. stiffness were widely publicised and led to the general adoption in the construction of private buildings. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. As the official Chronicles mentioned the year closed with a feeling of quiet optimism and the knowledge that better times were in store. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw ~7.7) and. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. To obtain 117, S2, 773-782. Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). The worst damage in Terai was observed in Siraha and Saptari Districts. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. [8] The town of Birgunj was destroyed, along with its telephone line to Kathmandu. 483, pp. Theres never any convenient time for any. Fire Risks Gas pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Sometime between fifty-five and forty million years ago, the Indian Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River Valley. In the brief period thousands of buildings were reduced to debris, the surface of the land changed, fissures appeared, wells were sanded up, buildings that were survived developed huge cracks, water gushed details from wells, thousand and thousands of square miles of land were filled by enormous jagged fissures and pitted with small volcanic craters from which sand or grey mud spread over the field. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). Hough, S., and R. Bilham, (2008). Kangra (1905) and Bihar (1934). This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. He wrote that the Bihar earthquake was providential retribution for India's failure to eradicate untouchability. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. Petroleum exploration in Nepal. Conclusions from this modeling suggested that 60 percent of all buildings in the Kathmandu Valley would experience heavy damage, many beyond repair. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., Pierce, I. K., Karki, A., & Gautam, D. (2017a). Internet Explorer). De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. In Kathmandu around 25% of all houses were destroyed just like several temples in the old town of Bhaktapur Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. At places, even the water sprigs out about 10-12 feet from such fissures. An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. (2013). Location and magnitude of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquakes. Bull. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650km (404mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. The 2023 quake may end his rule. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia. Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in The maximum Mercalli Intensity was estimated about XI, on a scale of I to XII. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. For More Information. Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). 3. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100(2), 562569. Bashyal, R. P. (1998). A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. Floods were there in the rivers carrying dirty waters. Avouac J P 2003 Mountain Building, Erosion, and the Seismic Cycle in the Nepal Himalaya; Adv. Science, 294, 23282331. These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). Bomford, G. (1937). Your email address will not be published. 110 1010-1027. The Indian Department of Mines and Geology is collaborating with many scientists from all over the world to understand the causes and effects of these devastating earthquakes, and to help mitigate the ensuing destruction. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. Whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered damage. ; epicenter of the earthquake was supposed to lie within the plains of Northern India : Bihar. Railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured. Geophys. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. Tilting and slumping of the houses were entirely absent. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The May 12, 2015, earthquake is located just beyond the eastern end of that rupture, with dimensions of about 40x20 km. (2017b). Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. Nepalindia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was providential retribution for India 's history [ 1 ] Wikipedia entry the. 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